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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 6

Water resources engineering study guide (Civil Engineering)

Water resources engineering follows water from the sky to the tap. It begins with the fluid itself — density, viscosity, surface tension and vapour pressure — then with water at rest, where pressure grows with depth and acts on gates, tanks and dams. The same fluid in motion obeys continuity, energy and momentum, and those three equations carry through the rest of the guide. The middle part turns to the catchment: how rainfall becomes infiltration, runoff and streamflow, and how groundwater moves through an aquifer to a well. The last part is hydraulic engineering — Manning's equation for open channels, friction and minor losses in pipes, pump selection against cavitation, and the layout of a water distribution network. Every section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 6.1 · Fluid mechanics

  1. Fluid properties

    Density, viscosity, compressibility, surface tension and vapour pressure: the five properties that decide how a fluid behaves at rest and in motion.

  2. Fluid statics and hydrostatic forces

    Pressure at a point, its variation with depth, and the resultant force on plane and curved surfaces, including buoyancy.

  3. Flow types and the Reynolds number

    Steady and unsteady, uniform and non-uniform, laminar and turbulent flow, and the dimensionless number that separates the last pair.

  4. Continuity and the energy equation

    Conservation of mass and energy along a streamline: discharge, velocity head, pressure head, elevation and loss, and how they combine in Bernoulli's equation.

  5. Momentum and forces on bends

    Using the linear momentum equation to find the force a flowing fluid exerts on a pipe bend, a nozzle or a plate.

SKU 6.2 · Hydrology engineering

  1. Rainfall, watersheds and the water balance

    How rainfall is measured and turned into runoff: the catchment water balance, watershed characteristics, infiltration and the rational method.

  2. Rainfall–runoff models and hydrographs

    Turning a rainfall record into a runoff hydrograph: the SCS curve number, the unit hydrograph and the shape of a flood peak.

  3. Groundwater flow and wells

    Darcy's law, aquifers and hydraulic conductivity, and the drawdown produced by a pumping well under steady conditions.

SKU 6.3 · Hydraulics engineering

  1. Open-channel flow and the Manning equation

    Uniform flow in open channels by Manning's equation, and non-uniform flow described by specific energy, the Froude number and critical depth.

  2. Flow in pipes: friction and minor losses

    Head loss in pipes from the Darcy–Weisbach equation, the friction factor, and the local losses of fittings and valves.

  3. Pumps and cavitation

    Pump head, power and efficiency, the operating point where the pump curve meets the system curve, and the suction check that avoids cavitation.

  4. Water distribution systems

    Estimating demand and its peak, laying out a distribution network, and checking the pressure and head loss at each node.

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