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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 1

Structural engineering study guide (Civil Engineering)

Structural engineering answers two questions about every member: what forces reach it, and whether it survives them. The first part of this guide is analysis — finding reactions and internal forces by equilibrium, sketching shear and moment diagrams, computing deflections, and deciding from a simple count whether a structure is determinate, indeterminate or a mechanism. The second and third parts are design — proportioning reinforced concrete and steel to the Saudi Building Code and to the LRFD method once the analysis has given the design actions. The fourth part returns to the mechanics of materials that underlies all of it: buckling, stress and strain under the basic loadings, deformation, and the transformation of stress by Mohr's circle. Every section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 1.1 · Structural analysis

  1. Determinacy and stability

    Counting unknowns against equilibrium equations to classify a structure as determinate, indeterminate or a mechanism, before any analysis begins.

  2. Analysis of determinate beams, trusses and frames

    Finding reactions by equilibrium, then internal force in a beam and axial force in a truss, using free bodies, method of joints and method of sections.

  3. Shear and moment diagrams

    Building shear-force and bending-moment diagrams from the differential relations between load, shear and moment, and reading the critical section from them.

  4. Deflection of determinate beams, trusses and frames

    Computing elastic deflection by double integration, the moment-area theorems and the unit-load (virtual-work) method, and checking it against a deflection limit.

  5. Loads, load combinations and load paths

    Dead, live and lateral loads, the tributary-area method, SBC/SBC-compliant factored load combinations, and influence lines for moving loads.

  6. Elementary statically indeterminate structures

    Using the force (flexibility) method to release a redundant, write the compatibility equation and solve a propped cantilever or continuous beam.

SKU 1.2 · Reinforced concrete design

  1. The reinforced concrete design process

    Limit states, load and resistance factors, and the Saudi Building Code load combinations that turn service loads into design actions.

  2. Reinforced concrete beams for flexure and shear

    Designing singly and doubly reinforced sections for flexure, and proportioning stirrups for shear, by the limit state method.

  3. One-way and two-way slabs

    Choosing between one-way and two-way action, setting the minimum thickness, and designing a one-way slab for flexure and shrinkage.

  4. Reinforced concrete columns

    Short and slender columns under axial load and uniaxial or biaxial bending: slenderness, the axial strength cap and the Bresler load check.

  5. Isolated and combined footings

    Sizing a footing for the allowable soil pressure, then checking punching shear, one-way shear and flexural steel in the limit state method.

  6. Bond, development length and splicing

    How a bar transfers its force to concrete by bond, how to compute the development length and bond stress, and how to choose a lap splice.

SKU 1.3 · Design of steel structures

  1. Steel design and the LRFD method

    How steel is designed by comparing factored load effects with factored resistances, and what the Saudi Building Code requires.

  2. Bolted and welded connections, tension members and base plates

    Designing a tension member for yielding and rupture, its bolts and welds, and a base plate on the concrete foundation.

  3. Steel beams, columns and beam-columns

    Choosing a section for flexure and for compression, and checking a member that carries axial load and moment together.

  4. Roof trusses and frame structures

    Finding member forces in a roof truss by joints and sections, and design of the chords and diagonals that follow.

SKU 1.4 · Mechanics of materials

  1. Column analysis and buckling

    Euler buckling, the effect of end conditions through the effective length factor, and the critical load of a real column.

  2. Stress and strain: axial, torsion, bending, shear and thermal

    The five basic loadings of a member and the stress and strain each one produces.

  3. Deformations: axial, torsion, bending and thermal

    How much a member stretches, twists, deflects or changes length under each basic loading.

  4. Combined stresses and Mohr’s circle

    Finding the principal stresses and the maximum shear stress at a point by transforming the stress state with Mohr's circle.

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