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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 3

Transportation engineering study guide (Civil Engineering)

Transportation engineering begins with the movement of vehicles and ends with the pavement that carries them. The first part treats traffic as a flow: speed, density and volume are linked by one identity, and their relationship explains why a road carries the most vehicles at a speed well below free flow. Capacity, level of service and the adjustments for heavy vehicles and peak-hour peaking turn that theory into a design flow. The same part introduces travel-demand planning, where trip generation, distribution, mode choice and route assignment forecast how many trips a new development will produce and where they will go. The second part turns to the road itself: horizontal and vertical alignment, sight distance, and the layered pavement that spreads wheel loads into the subgrade. It closes with pavement distress and maintenance, because a design is only as good as its ability to survive traffic, water and temperature. Every section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 3.1 · Transportation and traffic engineering

  1. Traffic flow, speed and density

    The fundamental identity , the shape of the flow–density curve, and why capacity occurs at a speed well below free flow.

  2. Capacity, level of service and flow adjustments

    Turning a measured volume into an equivalent flow rate: peak-hour factor, heavy vehicles, lane count, and the level-of-service thresholds used in design.

  3. Trip generation and travel demand

    The four-step planning model, trip rates and regression models, and the growth factors that carry a base-year survey to the design year.

  4. Mode choice and route assignment

    Logit models of mode share, utility as a function of time and cost, and the gravity model that distributes trips between zones.

SKU 3.2 · Highway design and construction

  1. Geometric alignment and cross-section

    Cross-section elements, the minimum horizontal radius from superelevation and side friction, and the geometry of a circular curve.

  2. Sight distance

    Stopping sight distance from perception, reaction and braking, and the crest vertical curve and horizontal clearance needed to provide it.

  3. Pavement system design

    Flexible pavement layers, traffic loading in equivalent single-axle loads, and the AASHTO structural number used to size the surface, base and subbase.

  4. Pavement distress and maintenance

    The common distresses of flexible and rigid pavements, what causes them, and how maintenance and rehabilitation are chosen.

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