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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 5

Environmental engineering study guide (Civil Engineering)

Environmental engineering is the engineering of clean water: where it comes from, what is dissolved and suspended in it, how it is made safe to drink, how wastewater is cleaned before it returns to the environment, and how both are collected and carried. The subject is held together by one idea — a water quality standard is a set of limits, and every treatment process is chosen because it moves one of those parameters below its limit. The guide begins with the parameters themselves: physical, chemical and microbiological, and the units in which they are reported. It then develops the chemistry that explains hardness, alkalinity, pH and the oxygen demand of organic matter. From there it follows the drinking-water train from coagulation to disinfection, the wastewater train from screening to sludge treatment, and the softening and membrane processes used when ordinary treatment is not enough. The last section treats collection systems, where flow estimation, peaking factors, self-cleansing velocity and storm runoff decide whether a sewer works for the next fifty years. Every section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 5.1 · Environmental engineering

  1. Water quality and its parameters

    The physical, chemical and microbiological parameters that define water quality, the units they are reported in, and how a standard turns them into a pass-or-fail test.

  2. Water chemistry: pH, alkalinity and oxygen demand

    The carbonate system behind pH and alkalinity, the meaning of hardness, and the first-order kinetics that turn a five-day BOD into an ultimate oxygen demand.

  3. Drinking-water treatment and softening

    Why the treatment train has the units it has, and how overflow rate, detention time, filtration rate and CT turn a raw-water analysis into tank sizes and a chlorine dose.

  4. Wastewater treatment

    The wastewater train from screening to sludge, and the three numbers that size a biological plant: removal efficiency, food-to-microorganism ratio and solids retention time.

  5. Softening, membranes and advanced treatment

    What to use when conventional treatment is not enough: lime-soda softening, ion exchange, membrane processes and advanced oxidation, and what each one leaves behind.

  6. Wastewater and stormwater collection systems

    How a sewer network is laid out and sized: design flow from population, the Harmon peak factor, Manning's equation for a full pipe, self-cleansing velocity, and storm runoff by the rational method.

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