STUDY GUIDE · GKU 5
Digital systems study guide (Electrical Engineering)
Digital systems turn every signal into a finite set of states, usually two, and then use algebra and timing to make those states do useful work. The subject starts with number systems and Boolean algebra, because a digital circuit is a Boolean function before it is a circuit. It continues with combinational logic — gates, adders, multiplexers, decoders and the K-map method that reduces a truth table to a small expression. The last part adds memory: flip-flops, registers, counters and state machines, where the output depends not only on the present input but on the past. Programmable logic devices close the loop by putting thousands of gates and flip-flops in one chip whose connections are set by a configuration file. Every section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.
Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.
SKU 5.1 · Digital systems
Number systems and Boolean logic
Binary, hexadecimal and two's-complement arithmetic, the Boolean identities, and the gates that implement them.
Combinational logic design
K-maps, sum-of-products, adders, multiplexers, decoders and comparators, and how a truth table becomes an efficient circuit.
Sequential logic and programmable devices
Flip-flops, registers, counters and state machines, the timing constraint that sets the clock, and how a PLD or FPGA implements the same logic.