أسئلة تدريب تقنية المعلومات (اختبار جاهزية)

المجال 01 · تصميم تجربة المستخدم

A UX researcher has gathered interview notes, diary studies and support-ticket themes from frequent users of a scheduling tool. Which approach best uses this data to build a user persona that supports human-centered design decisions?

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1. AGroup users by shared goals, behaviors and pain points revealed in the data, and define each persona from those patterns.
2. BGroup users by age, gender and job title only, since demographic attributes are the primary basis for meaningful persona categories.
3. CCreate one persona representing the average of all users, so that the design can satisfy the typical user in every situation.
4. DBase the persona on the preferences of the internal design team, validated later by asking colleagues whether the description sounds realistic.

المجال 02 · الممارسة المهنية العالمية

A project manager is choosing a tool to track a project that is already running. The project has many short tasks with shifting dependencies, and the manager needs to see, week by week, which tasks are late and how each delay pushes later tasks. Which tool is best suited to this tracking need?

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1. AA Gantt chart showing task durations as bars with dependency links and current progress against a time axis.
2. BA responsibility assignment matrix listing every team member against every task.
3. CThe project charter signed at the start of the project.
4. DA lessons-learned register filled in as issues are resolved.

المجال 03 · مبادئ الأمن السيبراني

A company's risk register lists three facts about one of its servers: (i) the server runs an unpatched web application, (ii) a criminal group is actively scanning for exactly that vulnerability, and (iii) the server holds customer payment data. Which option correctly assigns these facts to the terms vulnerability, threat, and risk?

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1. A(i) is the threat, (ii) is the vulnerability, and (iii) is the risk.
2. B(i) is the vulnerability, (ii) is the threat, and (iii) is the risk.
3. C(i) is the risk, (ii) is the threat, and (iii) is the vulnerability.
4. D(i) is the vulnerability, (ii) is the risk, and (iii) is the threat.

المجال 04 · الشبكات

A network technician captures a frame at a switch. The frame's payload contains a segment with a TCP header, which includes a destination port number. The frame's own header contains source and destination MAC addresses. The switch forwards the frame based on the destination MAC address. Which statement best explains this forwarding behaviour in terms of the OSI model?

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1. AThe switch operates at Layer 3 and uses the IP address to forward the frame.
2. BThe switch operates at Layer 2 and forwards the frame based on the destination MAC address without examining the TCP port.
3. CThe switch operates at Layer 4 and uses the destination port to forward the frame to the correct port.
4. DThe switch operates at Layer 1 and simply repeats the signal to all ports, ignoring MAC addresses.

المجال 05 · تقنيات المنصات

A Unix-class file system uses indexed allocation with an inode containing 10 direct block pointers and one single-indirect pointer. The block size is 2 KiB and each pointer is 4 bytes. A process writes several files and the administrator compares them. Which conclusion about the maximum number of data blocks reachable through the inode is most accurate?

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1. AThe inode can address 10 direct blocks plus 512 indirect blocks, so 522 data blocks in total.
2. BThe inode can address 10 direct blocks plus 512 indirect blocks, so 522 data blocks, and the indirect block itself is counted as data.
3. CThe inode can address 10 direct data blocks plus 512 indirect data blocks, giving 522 addressable data blocks, while the single-indirect block itself stores only pointers.
4. DThe inode can address only the 10 direct blocks; the single-indirect pointer is used only for directory entries, not file data.

المجال 06 · إدارة المعلومات

A database fails at 11:00. The backup schedule is: full backup Sunday 23:00, incremental backups at 23:00 on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, and the failure occurs on Thursday morning before any Thursday backup. Which backups must be applied, and in what order, to recover to the Wednesday 23:00 state?

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1. AThe Sunday full backup, then the Wednesday incremental backup only.
2. BThe Sunday full backup, then the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday incremental backups in that order.
3. CThe Wednesday incremental backup only, without the Sunday full backup.
4. DThe Sunday full backup, then the Tuesday incremental backup, then the Wednesday incremental backup.

المجال 07 · نماذج الأنظمة

A requirements engineer is documenting a use case "Submit Expense Claim" for an accounting system. The main success scenario is: 1. Employee enters claim amount and category. 2. System validates the amount against the category limit. 3. System records the claim and returns a claim reference. The engineer must derive a functional requirement from the alternative flow that applies when the entered amount exceeds the category limit. Which requirement is correctly derived from that alternative flow?

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1. AThe system shall validate the entered claim amount against the category limit.
2. BThe system shall display a limit-exceeded message, reject the claim, and return the employee to the amount-entry screen without recording the claim.
3. CThe system shall record the claim and return a claim reference for every submitted claim.
4. DThe system shall respond to claim submissions within 2 seconds under normal load.

المجال 08 · أساسيات البرمجيات

A developer uses an iterative process in which user feedback is collected after each working version and incorporated in the next. Which statement best describes the effect of this practice on the developing program?

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1. ARequirements are frozen at the start, so feedback can only change the program's appearance, not its functionality.
2. BEach new version is built from scratch so that earlier versions impose no constraint on later ones.
3. CFeedback from each version guides what the next version should change, so the program converges toward the user's actual needs.
4. DFeedback is collected only at the end, because intermediate versions are not complete enough to evaluate.

المجال 09 · أنظمة الويب والأجهزة المحمولة

A developer is building a web application with a shopping cart. The cart contents must persist while the user browses different pages, but should be discarded when the browser is closed. Which cookie configuration achieves this?

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1. ASet-Cookie: cart=123; Max-Age=86400; Secure; HttpOnly
2. BSet-Cookie: cart=123; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
3. CSet-Cookie: cart=123; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; Path=/
4. DSet-Cookie: cart=123; Max-Age=0; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly