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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 4

Networks study guide (Artificial Intelligence)

An AI system is rarely one machine. Training data sits on storage servers, training runs on a cluster of GPU servers, the model is served by an API in a data centre or on an edge device, and every one of those pieces talks over a network. This unit covers the networking an AI graduate is expected to handle: the layered models and what each layer adds to a packet, the media, devices and topologies a network is built from, IP subnetting and route summarisation, the protocols a request actually uses from switch-on to the first byte of a reply, and the command-line tools that show what the network is doing. Each section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 4.1 · Networking and communications principles

  1. Network models, architectures, media, devices and topologies

    The OSI and TCP/IP layer models and what encapsulation adds to a message; client-server, peer-to-peer, cloud and edge architectures; copper, fibre and wireless media; hubs, switches and routers; and the topologies networks and GPU clusters are built in.

  2. Subnetting and super-netting

    IPv4 prefixes and masks; finding a subnet's network, broadcast and host range; splitting a block with VLSM for an AI lab; and the opposite operation, combining contiguous blocks into one summary route, with the alignment rule that decides when that works.

  3. Network protocols, services and applications

    What a protocol is; TCP and UDP and the ports of the common services; TCP sequence and acknowledgement numbers, the receive window and connection teardown; and the chain DHCP, ARP, DNS, TCP, TLS, HTTP that one request to a model API runs through, including NAT and a load balancer on the way.

  4. Network administration tools and network mapping

    The command-line tools an administrator reaches for — ping, traceroute, nslookup and dig, arp, ip and ipconfig, netstat and ss, nc and telnet, nmap, tcpdump and Wireshark — what each one shows, how ping and traceroute work, how to read their output, and how to map a subnet you are authorised to scan.

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