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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 3

Applied computer science: databases and operating systems study guide (Artificial Intelligence)

A trained model is only part of an AI system. Its training data, experiment results and predictions live in a database, and every program that touches them runs as a process under an operating system. This unit covers both layers at the depth the exam asks for. The database half explains what the parts of a database management system do (query optimizer, query executor, storage manager, access methods, transaction processor), which functions keep data correct when many users share it (transactions, locking, recovery, authorization), and how to ask questions in SQL. The operating-system half explains what an operating system is for and the main kinds, why the processor has a kernel mode and a user mode, how processes, interrupts, threads and CPU scheduling work, and how the device list and driver I/O queues manage hardware. Each section opens with a quick-revision card, and the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 3.1 · Database systems

  1. Components of a database system and their design

    The parts of a database system, the path a query takes through the query processor, the storage manager and the access methods, how records are packed into pages, and how the cost of a scan compares with an index lookup.

  2. DBMS functions and their role

    What a DBMS guarantees beyond storing data: transactions and the ACID properties, concurrency control by locking (two-phase and strict two-phase), serializability, deadlock detection, logging and recovery, integrity constraints and authorization.

  3. Declarative query languages: SQL

    What "declarative" means, the SELECT statement and the logical order in which its clauses act, joins, grouping and aggregates, WHERE versus HAVING, DISTINCT, and how NULL changes counts and comparisons.

SKU 3.2 · Operating systems principles

  1. Objectives, functions and types of operating systems

    What an operating system is for, the functions and services it provides, how it sits between applications and hardware, and the difference between single-user, client-server and distributed systems.

  2. Kernel mode and user mode

    Why the processor has two privilege levels, which instructions are privileged, how a system call, an interrupt or a fault switches into kernel mode and back, and what the switches cost.

  3. Processes, interrupt processing, threads and concurrency

    What a process is and how the OS represents it, how an interrupt is processed, how threads differ from processes, why concurrent updates race, and how a program creates and manages child processes.

  4. CPU scheduling

    How the OS chooses which ready process runs next: first come first served, shortest job first, shortest remaining time and round robin, with turnaround, waiting and response time worked from a Gantt chart.

  5. The device list, driver I/O queues and device management

    How the OS keeps track of its devices and of the requests waiting for each one, what a driver does with its queue, how a request travels from a system call to the hardware and back, and how the service order of a queue changes waiting and disk head movement.

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