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STUDY GUIDE · GKU 2

Mechanics of materials study guide (Mechanical Engineering)

How loads turn into stresses and deformations inside a part, and how to decide whether the part survives. Three ideas carry the whole subject: equilibrium (the forces on any piece you cut out balance), compatibility (the deformed pieces still fit together) and a material law (Hooke's law links stress to strain). The first part follows the ETEC handout through the four basic loadings — axial, torsion, bending and transverse shear — and the deformations they cause, then combines them at a point, rotates the stress element with Mohr's circle and checks the result against a failure criterion. The second part covers the two structural checks: shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, which locate the critical section, and column buckling. Every section opens with a quick-revision card; the worked examples run from easy to exam level.

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Structured by the official ETEC subject standard for this topic: every listed topic and learning outcome, with formulas, figures and worked examples. The full sections are available to members in the app.

SKU 2.1 · Material behavior

  1. Stress, strain and the elastic constants

    What stress and strain are, the stress element at a point, direct shear in pins and bolts, and Hooke's law in one, two and three directions.

  2. The tensile test and mechanical properties

    Reading a stress–strain curve: stiffness, yield and ultimate strength, ductility, resilience, toughness and true stress.

  3. Axial loading: deformation, indeterminate bars, thermal stress, thin vessels

    Elongation of bars made of segments, statically indeterminate members, stresses from restrained temperature change, and the stresses in thin-walled pressure vessels.

  4. Torsion of circular shafts

    Shear stress, angle of twist and shear strain in solid and hollow shafts, and how a shaft is sized from the power it transmits.

  5. Bending: stress, strain and deflection

    How a bending moment stresses and strains a beam, how the shape of the section sets its strength and stiffness, and how far the beam deflects.

  6. Transverse shear in beams

    The shear stress that a shear force produces across a beam section, where it peaks, and the shear flow that welds, nails and bolts in a built-up beam must carry.

  7. Stress and strain transformation, Mohr's circle

    The state of stress at a point, how its components change when the element is rotated, the principal stresses and maximum shear, and the same construction for strains from strain gauges.

  8. Failure criteria

    How a combined state of stress is compared with a single tensile-test strength: von Mises and Tresca for ductile materials, maximum normal stress and Coulomb–Mohr for brittle ones.

  9. Combined loading

    Members that carry axial force, bending, torsion and shear at once: how to find the critical point, add the stresses there and check the result.

SKU 2.2 · Integrity of structures

  1. Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

    Drawing the internal shear force and bending moment along a beam or shaft, the rules that make the diagrams quick and self-checking, and how they locate the critical section for design.

  2. Column buckling

    Why slender members in compression fail by bowing sideways at a load set by stiffness, not strength; Euler's formula, end conditions and the slenderness limit that tells a long column from a short one.

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